1月17日,在國務院新聞辦舉行(xing)的(de)2023年國民(min)經濟運行(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)新聞發布會上(shang),有(you)媒體(ti)(ti)提問:最近有(you)媒體(ti)(ti)報道,2023年前(qian)11月全社會的(de)和相差(cha)了(le)2946億(yi)千瓦(wa)時,為什么會存在(zai)這(zhe)樣的數據差(cha)異?
對此,國家統計局(ju)局(ju)長康義表示,這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)統計指標1—11月(yue)份數據的差異,主要是(shi)因為兩(liang)個(ge)指標的口徑不同。這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)指標一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)全社會用(yong)電量(liang),一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)規模(mo)以上工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)發(fa)電量(liang)。除了(le)規模(mo)以上工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye),隨著太陽(yang)能發(fa)電、風(feng)力發(fa)電快速發(fa)展,部分(fen)(fen)規模(mo)以下工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)、各類民居(ju)、商戶(hu)也發(fa)電,但是(shi)這(zhe)部分(fen)(fen)發(fa)電量(liang)不在1—11月(yue)份規模(mo)以上工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)電量(liang)之內。
這兩(liang)個指(zhi)標的(de)(de)調查(cha)對(dui)象、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計口徑(jing)、覆(fu)蓋(gai)范圍都不(bu)(bu)同。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計口徑(jing)不(bu)(bu)同。全社會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從電(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)方進行(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計,規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從供給方進行(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計。這兩(liang)個統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計的(de)(de)范圍不(bu)(bu)同,具體(ti)來(lai)講全社會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全口徑(jing)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),即(ji)全部(bu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),既(ji)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),也有居(ju)民的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),還包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)自(zi)產自(zi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)、線損(sun)等;規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計口徑(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)工(gong)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)工(gong)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)現在的(de)(de)標準是(shi)(shi)(shi)年主營(ying)業(ye)務收入2000萬元及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye),所以(yi)(yi)它不(bu)(bu)包括(kuo)規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)下小工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全口徑(jing)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。
二是(shi)受部(bu)分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。近年(nian)來廣泛分(fen)(fen)散(san)、體(ti)量較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式太陽能和(he)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)迅(xun)猛發(fa)(fa)(fa)展,而且(qie)較(jiao)多分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)各類民居、商戶和(he)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以下工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),這部(bu)分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量因為發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)較(jiao)小(xiao),沒有(you)(you)達到規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)統計標(biao)準,有(you)(you)些還是(shi)商戶和(he)民居,因此沒有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)月度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以上工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量中(zhong)統計,但會(hui)統計在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量中(zhong)。大(da)(da)家(jia)都(dou)知道,我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據一般都(dou)在(zai)(zai)次月中(zhong)旬(xun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu),那么(me)多分(fen)(fen)散(san)在(zai)(zai)各地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)量小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量,我(wo)們(men)會(hui)進(jin)行年(nian)度(du)統計,而且(qie)也在(zai)(zai)每年(nian)年(nian)度(du)統計公報中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。一般來講,規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以上工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量約占全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)95%左(zuo)右,最近有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)波動,規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)提高,規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量在(zai)(zai)逐(zhu)步減少,但是(shi)減少不大(da)(da),大(da)(da)概就是(shi)這個比例。大(da)(da)家(jia)月度(du)看發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量,不能忽略“規(gui)模(mo)(mo)以上工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”這個表述。統計指(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)比較(jiao)嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),大(da)(da)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候也要注意統計指(zhi)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含義、范(fan)圍,便于更加準確地使用(yong)數(shu)據。