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針(zhen)對全國統一建設過程中(zhong)出(chu)現的市(shi)場機(ji)制(zhi)設計、市(shi)場組(zu)(zu)織方(fang)法、市(shi)場出(chu)清技術、價格形成機(ji)制(zhi)等問題(ti)，《中(zhong)國電(dian)力》編輯(ji)部邀(yao)請中(zhong)國電(dian)科(ke)院(yuan)馮樹海教高(gao)、清華(hua)大(da)(da)學鐘海旺副教授、四川大(da)(da)學劉友波(bo)教授、重(zhong)慶大(da)(da)學楊知(zhi)方(fang)教授、香港理工大(da)(da)學林偉(wei)研(yan)究員作為特約主(zhu)編組(zu)(zu)織策劃了“全(quan)國發展路徑(jing)設計與關鍵技(ji)術”專(zhuan)欄(lan)，于(yu)2023年(nian)9期刊出，責(ze)任編(bian)輯李博。本期刊出7篇文(wen)章，獲得基(ji)金資(zi)助(zhu)7項(xiang)，其中國(guo)家級基(ji)金項(xiang)目(mu)3項(xiang)，省(sheng)部(bu)級項(xiang)目(mu)2項(xiang)，分部(bu)項(xiang)目(mu)2項(xiang)。專(zhuan)欄(lan)論文(wen)由特約主(zhu)編(bian)約稿和自由來稿組(zu)成，來稿單位涉及重慶大學(xue)(xue)、重慶理工大學(xue)(xue)、四川大學(xue)(xue)、華中科技(ji)大學(xue)(xue)、長沙理工大學(xue)(xue)、廣東(dong)電力交(jiao)易中心、北京電力交(jiao)易中心、國(guo)家電網公司西北分部(bu)和華東(dong)分部(bu)、安徽省(sheng)電力公司等高校、電力交(jiao)易機構和企(qi)業。

二、主要(yao)內容(rong)

專欄從(cong)全(quan)國統一電力市(shi)場多主體博弈分(fen)析(xi)、跨區(qu)交易協同、市(shi)場機(ji)制分(fen)析(xi)等3方面開展(zhan)研究。

1. 全國統一電力市場(chang)多主體博弈分析

在(zai)全國統一電力市(shi)場多主(zhu)體(ti)博弈(yi)分析方(fang)面(mian)，廣東電力交(jiao)易(yi)中心(xin)有限責任公司(si)的(de)吳明興等發表的(de)《雙軌制下政府授權(quan)合約分(fen)解優(you)化模型與方(fang)法》和重慶理工大學的陳曦等發表的《售電公司(si)串謀定(ding)價行為隨機演化博弈分(fen)析》2篇文章(zhang)，主(zhu)要內容如下(xia)。

1）在全國統一電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)初期階段(duan)，計劃與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)雙(shuang)(shuang)軌制(zhi)將長期存在，并成為(wei)電(dian)力(li)現(xian)(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)矛盾之一。在現(xian)(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)曲線分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)式對(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)不平(ping)衡(heng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)體利益具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)影響(xiang)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)理分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)相關合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)問題(ti)亟待解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)決(jue)。《雙(shuang)(shuang)軌制(zhi)下電(dian)力(li)現(xian)(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)優化(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)與(yu)方(fang)法》從電(dian)力(li)現(xian)(xian)貨試點實際需(xu)要(yao)出(chu)發，綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)考慮不平(ping)衡(heng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)結果、發電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)體報價(jia)(jia)策略及(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)清(qing)結果之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)關聯(lian)性(xing)，構建了基(ji)(ji)于(yu)博弈均衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)軌制(zhi)電(dian)力(li)現(xian)(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)曲線分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)優化(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)與(yu)方(fang)法。該方(fang)法基(ji)(ji)于(yu)博弈均衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)思想對(dui)(dui)應建立了以控制(zhi)不平(ping)衡(heng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)為(wei)目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)、考慮政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)結果的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)商報價(jia)(jia)決(jue)策模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)以及(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)清(qing)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)，利用3層(ceng)粒子群(qun)算(suan)法實現(xian)(xian)各層(ceng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)迭(die)代修正(zheng)，得到均衡(heng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)個體與(yu)整體利益的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)結果。該文基(ji)(ji)于(yu)算(suan)例分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析認為(wei)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)清(qing)價(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)會影響(xiang)以控制(zhi)不平(ping)衡(heng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)為(wei)目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)結果，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)營機構在開展政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時，需(xu)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)考慮雙(shuang)(shuang)軌制(zhi)不平(ping)衡(heng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)對(dui)(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)授(shou)(shou)權(quan)(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)對(dui)(dui)發電(dian)機組(zu)報價(jia)(jia)策略的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)以及(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)體報價(jia)(jia)對(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)清(qing)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。

2）售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)作為逐利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)主體，在(zai)(zai)優化資源配置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)也(ye)有(you)趨利串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)抬高市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)機(ji)，特別是市(shi)場(chang)起步初期，有(you)區域優勢或上(shang)游發電(dian)(dian)(dian)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)具備形成寡頭壟斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。對(dui)(dui)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)行(xing)為開展研究(jiu)可以為規范市(shi)場(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策制定提(ti)供(gong)(gong)參考。《售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)行(xing)為隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)演(yan)化博(bo)弈分析(xi)(xi)》先將串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)行(xing)為視(shi)為有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)主體在(zai)(zai)“有(you)限理性(xing)”前(qian)提(ti)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協同(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)動(dong)策略(lve)(lve)(lve)問題，進(jin)而(er)將具有(you)選擇差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Moran 過程引入售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)演(yan)化博(bo)弈模型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構建和分析(xi)(xi)中(zhong)，最(zui)后結合算例分析(xi)(xi)了串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)系(xi)數、供(gong)(gong)需(xu)比等(deng)關鍵(jian)參數對(dui)(dui)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)策略(lve)(lve)(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。研究(jiu)結果表(biao)明：在(zai)(zai)寡占市(shi)場(chang)尤其(qi)是極高寡占市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成功率(lv)會更(geng)高；在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong)，串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)系(xi)數對(dui)(dui)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)策略(lve)(lve)(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)，市(shi)場(chang)內外(wai)部環境隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)因素對(dui)(dui)串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)定價(jia)(jia)行(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)隨(sui)(sui)市(shi)場(chang)集中(zhong)度(du)增(zeng)高而(er)愈加顯著；市(shi)場(chang)管理機(ji)構應加強對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)零售(shou)價(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)(xi)研判并(bing)加強對(dui)(dui)競爭有(you)效性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監管以及與反壟斷(duan)執法(fa)部門(men)、征信(xin)部門(men)等(deng)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息互通和協同(tong)(tong)(tong)聯動(dong)。

2. 全國統一電力市(shi)場跨區交(jiao)易協同

在全國統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)跨區交易協(xie)同方(fang)面(mian)，本專(zhuan)欄(lan)刊出(chu)北京(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交易中心有(you)限公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)劉碩等(deng)發表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)《計及跨區備(bei)(bei)用(yong)輔助服(fu)務互濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)互聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)網出(chu)清方(fang)法(fa)》、國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網有(you)限公(gong)司華(hua)東分部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)許(xu)凌(ling)等(deng)發表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)《考慮(lv)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)互濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)省(sheng)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨電(dian)(dian)(dian)能與備(bei)(bei)用(yong)耦合(he)優化(hua)出(chu)清模型》和(he)國網安(an)徽省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)有(you)限公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)吳迪等(deng)發表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)《省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨市場(chang)全網安(an)全校核》3篇文(wen)章，主要(yao)內容如下。

1）電(dian)(dian)力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)配置(zhi)(zhi)有利于(yu)(yu)發揮不同區(qu)(qu)域(yu)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)互補效益(yi)，提(ti)高互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)能(neng)力。由于(yu)(yu)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不確定(ding)性，若(ruo)無法(fa)獲(huo)得足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)，則難(nan)以安全(quan)、經濟(ji)(ji)地實(shi)現(xian)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)。因此，在未來(lai)大(da)規模新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并網(wang)場景下(xia)，備(bei)用(yong)(yong)將成為制約(yue)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要限制因素(su)，描述考慮跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)互濟(ji)(ji)能(neng)力對(dui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣域(yu)配置(zhi)(zhi)愈發重要。針(zhen)對(dui)當前出(chu)(chu)(chu)清(qing)(qing)方(fang)法(fa)難(nan)以實(shi)現(xian)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)配置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題，《計及(ji)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)互濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)清(qing)(qing)方(fang)法(fa)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)一種聯(lian)(lian)(lian)合考慮電(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)與備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡(luo)線可(ke)行域(yu)構(gou)建方(fang)法(fa)，并提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)計及(ji)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)互濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)協(xie)(xie)同市場出(chu)(chu)(chu)清(qing)(qing)模型。通過在聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡(luo)線可(ke)行域(yu)中考慮跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)互濟(ji)(ji)約(yue)束，完整(zheng)刻畫電(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)-備(bei)用(yong)(yong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)交易(yi)空間，并通過互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)協(xie)(xie)同出(chu)(chu)(chu)清(qing)(qing)實(shi)現(xian)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)配置(zhi)(zhi)。基(ji)于(yu)(yu)某區(qu)(qu)域(yu)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)算例表(biao)明，所提(ti)方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)成功實(shi)現(xian)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區(qu)(qu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化配置(zhi)(zhi)，進而整(zheng)體提(ti)升互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)能(neng)力與綜合運行效益(yi)。

2）新能(neng)源(yuan)裝機容量的(de)(de)(de)逐年提升導致(zhi)系(xi)統面臨巨大的(de)(de)(de)新能(neng)源(yuan)消納壓(ya)力(li)(li)，跨區(qu)域(yu)省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)作為(wei)區(qu)域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中重要的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)余缺互濟手(shou)段(duan)，仍(reng)面臨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)運(yun)行效率較低以(yi)(yi)及(ji)省間(jian)壁壘(lei)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。如(ru)何進(jin)一(yi)步挖掘各(ge)(ge)省份的(de)(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)互濟能(neng)力(li)(li)，緩解能(neng)源(yuan)富余省份新能(neng)源(yuan)棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和部分省份電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)緊缺問(wen)題，已成(cheng)為(wei)下一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵抓手(shou)。《考(kao)慮(lv)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)互濟的(de)(de)(de)省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)與備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)耦合優化(hua)出清(qing)模型》以(yi)(yi)省間(jian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)社會福利最大為(wei)目標，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)綜(zong)合考(kao)慮(lv)各(ge)(ge)省備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)缺額容量、備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)空間(jian)互濟以(yi)(yi)及(ji)省間(jian)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與網(wang)(wang)損的(de)(de)(de)省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨出清(qing)模型。通(tong)過考(kao)慮(lv)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)互濟的(de)(de)(de)省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨出清(qing)實現(xian)了省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)配置， 有效降(jiang)低省內新能(neng)源(yuan)棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)，緩解區(qu)域(yu)內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)資源(yuan)逆向分布。以(yi)(yi)IEEE39節點系(xi)統和某網(wang)(wang)調電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交易出清(qing)算例，驗證了所提模型的(de)(de)(de)合理(li)性和實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性。

3）目(mu)前我(wo)國(guo)多以(yi)省(sheng)(sheng)級為單位推行(xing)電力市場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設，省(sheng)(sheng)級調(diao)度部門負(fu)責(ze)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)與(yu)制(zhi)定出(chu)清(qing)結(jie)果和(he)發電計(ji)劃，并由更(geng)高(gao)層級的(de)(de)調(diao)度機(ji)構再統(tong)一進行(xing)全(quan)(quan)局范(fan)(fan)圍內的(de)(de)電網(wang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)，即(ji)市場(chang)(chang)運(yun)營交易主(zhu)體需要滿足更(geng)大范(fan)(fan)圍的(de)(de)電網(wang)運(yun)行(xing)對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)才能優(you)(you)化(hua)出(chu)清(qing)。交易主(zhu)體和(he)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)對(dui)象(xiang)范(fan)(fan)圍的(de)(de)不同(tong)導致中國(guo)在出(chu)清(qing)流(liu)程(cheng)、電網(wang)潮流(liu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)和(he)電價形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)等(deng)方面，均不能照搬國(guo)外已有(you)經(jing)驗。《省(sheng)(sheng)級電力現(xian)(xian)貨市場(chang)(chang)全(quan)(quan)網(wang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)》分析了(le)以(yi)省(sheng)(sheng)際交流(liu)聯絡線為等(deng)值負(fu)荷的(de)(de)市場(chang)(chang)優(you)(you)化(hua)出(chu)清(qing)模(mo)型和(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)獲(huo)得出(chu)清(qing)結(jie)果存在偏差的(de)(de)原因(yin)及影響，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)區域全(quan)(quan)網(wang)模(mo)型的(de)(de)省(sheng)(sheng)級電力現(xian)(xian)貨市場(chang)(chang)優(you)(you)化(hua)出(chu)清(qing)模(mo)型和(he)全(quan)(quan)網(wang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)方法。該(gai)方法基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)全(quan)(quan)網(wang)的(de)(de)模(mo)型方式拼接生(sheng)成(cheng)未來時段拓撲(pu)斷面，進行(xing)全(quan)(quan)網(wang)靈敏(min)度計(ji)算，獲(huo)取完(wan)整的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)網(wang)靈敏(min)度矩陣用于(yu)(yu)優(you)(you)化(hua)出(chu)清(qing)與(yu)全(quan)(quan)網(wang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)迭代，獲(huo)得準(zhun)確的(de)(de)電網(wang)潮流(liu)和(he)節點電價。

3. 全國(guo)統一電力市場(chang)市場(chang)機制分(fen)析

在全國統一電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)分(fen)(fen)析方面，本專欄(lan)刊出國家電(dian)(dian)網有限(xian)公司(si)西北(bei)分(fen)(fen)部任景等發表(biao)的《面向新能(neng)源不確定性(xing)的西北(bei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)平衡機(ji)制(zhi)》和長沙理工大學劉思(si)強(qiang)等發表(biao)的《電(dian)(dian)價交叉補貼收入再分(fen)(fen)配效應及(ji)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)價改進》2篇文章，主要(yao)內容如下。

1）西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)為全國首個(ge)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)第(di)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，同時(shi)面(mian)臨(lin)腰荷(he)時(shi)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)大化消納壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)與早晚高(gao)峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)供(gong)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)，受新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)“有電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)、無穩定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)影響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)呈現“整體(ti)富(fu)余、尖峰負荷(he)緊張、局(ju)部(bu)時(shi)段(duan)緊缺”的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)形態。隨著社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩步增長，平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)安全問題(ti)或將成為限制(zhi)西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)效發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)瓶頸(jing)。《面(mian)向(xiang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)確定(ding)(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)制(zhi)》針對(dui)高(gao)比(bi)例新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)風(feng)險問題(ti)展開分析討論，基于西(xi)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)實際(ji)運行(xing)數(shu)據(ju)與歷史統計數(shu)據(ju)，闡述高(gao)比(bi)例新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)條件(jian)下(xia)西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)風(feng)險問題(ti)，總結西(xi)北(bei)全網(wang)(wang)(wang)在不(bu)同時(shi)間尺度、不(bu)同風(feng)險概率下(xia)呈現出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)新(xin)(xin)形態，梳(shu)理國內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統面(mian)向(xiang)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)供(gong)需平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)技術及配套市(shi)場機(ji)制(zhi)，提出西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)應(ying)對(dui)短期電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)問題(ti)和中(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關措施與建議(yi)。

2）隨著經濟社(she)會發展，居(ju)民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)占全社(she)會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)比例，呈現逐年增長趨(qu)勢，導致(zhi)交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼規模、補(bu)(bu)貼程(cheng)度(du)越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)(da)。交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼嚴重(zhong)扭曲了電(dian)(dian)(dian)價結構和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價水平，使得“合理(li)補(bu)(bu)償成本”的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)商品定價機制難以實現。能否“妥善處理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼”成為制約新一輪電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改(gai)革(ge)向縱深推進(jin)的(de)瓶頸問(wen)題。《電(dian)(dian)(dian)價交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼收(shou)入(ru)(ru)再分(fen)配(pei)效應(ying)及(ji)(ji)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)價改(gai)進(jin)》通過采集河(he)北(bei)省2017年居(ju)民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)消(xiao)費大(da)(da)數(shu)據，運用(yong)價差法和(he)Dagum 基(ji)(ji)尼系數(shu)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)劃(hua)分(fen)標準，從收(shou)入(ru)(ru)再分(fen)配(pei)角度(du)實證分(fen)析了居(ju)民電(dian)(dian)(dian)價交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼的(de)公平性(xing)問(wen)題。該(gai)文的(de)研究結果表明，按用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)規模由低(di)到(dao)高分(fen)組，居(ju)民享受電(dian)(dian)(dian)價交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼在組內呈現出兩頭(tou)大(da)(da)、中間小的(de)U型波動趨(qu)勢；在組間存在較為明顯的(de)兩極(ji)(ji)差異(yi)，且隨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)差異(yi)增大(da)(da)，組間不公平程(cheng)度(du)擴大(da)(da)，基(ji)(ji)尼系數(shu)最高達(da)到(dao)0.897 1。實證研究顯示，目前(qian)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策由于(yu)階(jie)梯數(shu)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)(ji)分(fen)檔(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)設置不精(jing)細，造成了交叉(cha)補(bu)(bu)貼收(shou)入(ru)(ru)再分(fen)配(pei)效應(ying)呈現極(ji)(ji)度(du)不公。

三、相(xiang)關研究延伸(shen)

從《關于(yu)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)深化電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)體制改革的(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)干意(yi)見(jian)》（中發〔2015〕9號）明確提出“在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)范(fan)圍內逐步(bu)(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)競(jing)爭充分、開放有(you)序、健康發展的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體系(xi)”，到《關于(yu)加(jia)快建設全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)見(jian)》（以(yi)下簡稱指(zhi)導意(yi)見(jian)）強調要遵循電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)運行規律(lv)和市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經濟規律(lv)，優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)總體設計，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)資(zi)源在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)更大范(fan)圍內共享互濟和優化配置，加(jia)快形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)統一(yi)開放、競(jing)爭有(you)序、安全(quan)(quan)高效、治理(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體系(xi)。一(yi)系(xi)列政策(ce)文件的(de)(de)(de)出臺，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化改革指(zhi)明了(le)方向。梳理(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建設過程中面臨的(de)(de)(de)關鍵問題(ti)與相應的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決措施，可為我國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)設計提供決策(ce)參考。構建全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，需要結合中國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情，明確建設路(lu)徑(jing)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)有(you)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)交易機制。

本期綜述重點圍繞對指導意(yi)見的認(ren)識、國外典型(xing)電(dian)力(li)市場(chang)、電(dian)力(li)市場(chang)建(jian)設(she)路徑、交易(yi)機制等展開。

1）在(zai)指導(dao)意見(jian)的(de)認(ren)識方面，國家能源局(ju)章建(jian)華[1]認(ren)為要(yao)(yao)正確把握(wo)建(jian)設全國統一電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，從著(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)健全有(you)利于更大范(fan)圍配(pei)(pei)置資(zi)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、著(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)完善有(you)利于提(ti)升資(zi)源配(pei)(pei)置效率的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)交易機制、著(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)培育充滿活力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)多元競爭電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)、著(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)推進(jin)能源電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)治理能力(li)(li)(li)(li)現代化(hua)等(deng)提(ti)出了推進(jin)全國統一電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)建(jian)設重(zhong)點任務。我院馬(ma)莉(li)[2]認(ren)為建(jian)設全國統一電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)是形成電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業運(yun)行(xing)新模式的(de)關(guan)鍵節點、是構(gou)建(jian)新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和實現雙碳目標的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)抓手、是構(gou)建(jian)新發展格局(ju)和建(jian)設高標準市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)重(zhong)大助力(li)(li)(li)(li)，在(zai)落(luo)地過程中，需要(yao)(yao)各(ge)方面協同推動，需要(yao)(yao)穩中求進(jin)、結合(he)實際(ji)推進(jin)，市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規則(ze)需要(yao)(yao)有(you)新突破(po)。

2）在(zai)對(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外典型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深入研(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)面，浙江大學丁一(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)[3]通(tong)過(guo)回顧(gu)歐(ou)(ou)洲統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)現狀、演化路徑和市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)問(wen)題(ti)與(yu)相應解(jie)決方(fang)法，從政治背(bei)景、技術(shu)條(tiao)(tiao)件、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)驅動力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、組織(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網架構等(deng)方(fang)面與(yu)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)條(tiao)(tiao)件進行(xing)對(dui)(dui)比分(fen)(fen)析，探究(jiu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)演化背(bei)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)邏輯，結(jie)合(he)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相應情況，提出(chu)(chu)歐(ou)(ou)洲、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟示與(yu)建(jian)議。中國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)科院鄭(zheng)亞先等(deng)[4]針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)歐(ou)(ou)美等(deng)成熟運(yun)(yun)(yun)營電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)(zhan)歷程(cheng)(cheng)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體激勵(li)方(fang)式(shi)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)設(she)(she)(she)計基本思想、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)清結(jie)果安(an)全(quan)性(xing)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)清機(ji)(ji)制與(yu)時序銜接等(deng)核(he)心(xin)問(wen)題(ti)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)分(fen)(fen)析，考慮碳減(jian)排目標給(gei)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，分(fen)(fen)析了碳減(jian)排約束下歐(ou)(ou)美電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)，基于我國(guo)(guo)(guo)層級調度(du)、省(sheng)間(jian)省(sheng)內差異性(xing)輸配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價體系、省(sheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平衡(heng)責任主體等(deng)不(bu)同于國(guo)(guo)(guo)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營基礎條(tiao)(tiao)件，分(fen)(fen)析了全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)問(wen)題(ti)，該文認(ren)為：歐(ou)(ou)洲統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)與(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營模(mo)式(shi)分(fen)(fen)別對(dui)(dui)于我國(guo)(guo)(guo)省(sheng)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)具(ju)有較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)借鑒(jian)意(yi)義；立足于我國(guo)(guo)(guo)層級調度(du)、省(sheng)間(jian)省(sheng)內差異性(xing)輸配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價體系、省(sheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平衡(heng)責任主體等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營基礎條(tiao)(tiao)件，充分(fen)(fen)吸收借鑒(jian)兩種模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計理(li)念，做好(hao)兩級運(yun)(yun)(yun)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)耦合(he)設(she)(she)(she)計是構建(jian)我國(guo)(guo)(guo) “統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、兩級運(yun)(yun)(yun)作”的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)。

3）在電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)設路(lu)徑方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)網華東(dong)分部曾德君等(deng)(deng)[5]等(deng)(deng)通過梳(shu)理(li)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)省(sheng)級(ji)現貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設情況及關(guan)(guan)鍵問題，分析制約(yue)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)低碳轉(zhuan)型的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵因素，提出(chu)逐(zhu)步增加市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化交易品種、逐(zhu)步建(jian)(jian)立(li)調(diao)峰及備用等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)間(jian)輔助市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)現貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)試分析全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統(tong)一電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵問題，并提出(chu)了(le)解決思(si)路(lu)。北京電(dian)(dian)力交易中(zhong)心紀鵬(peng)等(deng)(deng)[6]闡釋(shi)了(le)省(sheng)間(jian)、省(sheng)內市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)耦合的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵影響因素，考慮(lv)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)體制和(he)電(dian)(dian)力技(ji)術特性構建(jian)(jian)兩(liang)級(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)“分層(ceng)”“基本耦合”及“全(quan)面(mian)耦合”三(san)階(jie)段(duan)演(yan)進(jin)路(lu)徑，從促(cu)(cu)進(jin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體參與(yu)跨省(sheng)區交易、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)網統(tong)一規劃(hua)和(he)兩(liang)級(ji)平臺(tai)銜(xian)(xian)接協調(diao)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)提出(chu)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)政策建(jian)(jian)議(yi)。我院馬莉等(deng)(deng)[7]分近期(qi)和(he)中(zhong)遠期(qi)2個階(jie)段(duan)設計中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)設發展的(de)(de)演(yan)化路(lu)徑和(he)各(ge)階(jie)段(duan)模式，并針對計劃(hua)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)銜(xian)(xian)接、省(sheng)間(jian)與(yu)省(sheng)內的(de)(de)銜(xian)(xian)接、中(zhong)長期(qi)與(yu)現貨銜(xian)(xian)接、促(cu)(cu)進(jin)新能源(yuan)消納的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機(ji)制、輔助服務和(he)容量市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)、價格機(ji)制等(deng)(deng)關(guan)(guan)鍵問題進(jin)行(xing)研(yan)究，提出(chu)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)措施和(he)策略建(jian)(jian)議(yi)。

4）在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)面(mian)，清華大(da)學夏清教(jiao)授等[8]分(fen)(fen)析了(le)(le)我國當(dang)前(qian)以省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為實體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系在(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)力、交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)壁(bi)壘、新(xin)能源(yuan)消納難等方(fang)面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)問題，從(cong)協(xie)同交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)、交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇權、價(jia)(jia)值分(fen)(fen)配(pei)、信息披露等角(jiao)度，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)推進跨(kua)區(qu)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)途徑與(yu)(yu)方(fang)法；設(she)計了(le)(le)考慮(lv)輸(shu)電(dian)成本參(can)與(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清、配(pei)額制(zhi)(zhi)等因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)區(qu)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)品種；從(cong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)組(zu)織、交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)區(qu)域、合約交(jiao)割、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)監督、信用(yong)體(ti)系等方(fang)面(mian)，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)推進跨(kua)區(qu)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策建(jian)議。針對目前(qian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)(jian)由于缺乏順暢緊(jin)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)而難以最(zui)大(da)限度發揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)資源(yuan)優(you)化配(pei)置作用(yong)，交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規模大(da)小(xiao)受到電(dian)網輸(shu)電(dian)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響使得電(dian)網安全運行成為電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)有效(xiao)運營的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵因素等情況，中(zhong)國電(dian)科院曾丹和北京電(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心謝(xie)開(kai)等[9]在(zai)(zai)全國統(tong)一(yi)(yi)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系頂(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)設(she)計框架下，充分(fen)(fen)考慮(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經濟性和電(dian)網安全性，建(jian)立了(le)(le)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)協(xie)調運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耦(ou)合出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清模型，著眼于構建(jian)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)融合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全國市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)分(fen)(fen)階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)可實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清模式。上(shang)海交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)學嚴正(zheng)團隊[10]根據省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)-省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)耦(ou)合程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，將省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)-省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耦(ou)合和全國統(tong)一(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)進過程(cheng)(cheng)劃分(fen)(fen)為分(fen)(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、松耦(ou)合階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和緊(jin)耦(ou)合階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，構建(jian)了(le)(le)面(mian)向不同輸(shu)電(dian)費收取(qu)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清模型與(yu)(yu)定價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，分(fen)(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)采(cai)用(yong)順序(xu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清，松耦(ou)合階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)采(cai)用(yong)雙層(ceng)(ceng)迭代出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清，緊(jin)耦(ou)合階段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)采(cai)用(yong)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)清，定價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)均采(cai)用(yong)節點電(dian)價(jia)(jia)定價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。

綜上(shang)所(suo)述(shu)，從國外電力(li)市(shi)場建設的(de)實踐(jian)經(jing)驗來看(kan)，隨著資(zi)(zi)源配置(zhi)優(you)化需求的(de)增(zeng)加和互聯(lian)網架(jia)的(de)擴(kuo)展延伸，逐步擴(kuo)大(da)電力(li)市(shi)場交易范圍，充分發揮市(shi)場在(zai)更大(da)范圍內的(de)電力(li)資(zi)(zi)源優(you)化配置(zhi)能(neng)力(li)，已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為世界(jie)電力(li)市(shi)場發展的(de)共同方向。

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