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強(qiang)化系統本質(zhi)安全(quan)持(chi)續保障穩定運行

中國工程院院士

習近平總(zong)書記強調，能源保障和安全事關國計民(min)生，是須臾不可忽視的“國之大者”。黨中央提出“雙碳”目標以來，各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業迅速(su)行(xing)動(dong)，積極(ji)推動(dong)建設、安全(quan)充裕、經濟高(gao)效、供需協同、靈活智能的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)生(sheng)產結構(gou)、運行(xing)機(ji)理、功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形(xing)(xing)態等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)深刻復(fu)(fu)雜(za)變化，面臨電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)保供與(yu)系統(tong)穩定兩大安(an)(an)全(quan)挑戰。一方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)結構(gou)由可(ke)(ke)(ke)控連續出(chu)力(li)的(de)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占主(zhu)導向(xiang)強不確定性(xing)、弱(ruo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控出(chu)力(li)的(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占主(zhu)導轉變，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)出(chu)力(li)“靠(kao)天吃(chi)飯(fan)”，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)保障支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)，同時(shi)未來較長一段時(shi)期內電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)消費(fei)仍將剛性(xing)增長，負荷特性(xing)由剛性(xing)、純(chun)消費(fei)型向(xiang)柔性(xing)、生(sheng)產與(yu)消費(fei)兼(jian)具型轉變，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)負荷隨機(ji)性(xing)、波動(dong)性(xing)增強，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需(xu)形(xing)(xing)勢日趨復(fu)(fu)雜(za)，供應(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)全(quan)面臨長期壓力(li)。另一方面，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、直流等(deng)大量(liang)替代(dai)常規機(ji)組，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車、分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)交互式(shi)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設備廣泛應(ying)(ying)用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)呈現高(gao)(gao)比例(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、高(gao)(gao)比例(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備的(de)“雙(shuang)高(gao)(gao)”特征，系統(tong)轉動(dong)慣量(liang)和(he)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)下降(jiang)，抗擾動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)，故障特性(xing)和(he)連鎖(suo)反應(ying)(ying)更(geng)加復(fu)(fu)雜(za)，系統(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)運行(xing)面臨挑戰。

國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發展改革委、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源局(ju)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)數(shu)據局(ju)印發《加(jia)快構建新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案（2024—2027年）》（以下(xia)簡稱《行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案》），提出(chu)9大專項行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，其(qi)中“電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)穩定保障行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)”聚焦系統(tong)兩(liang)大安全(quan)(quan)問題，從(cong)源、網、荷、技術四方(fang)面，明確(que)了下(xia)階段新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)安全(quan)(quan)保障總體要求(qiu)和重點任務，為各地區(qu)和能源電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業進(jin)一步夯實系統(tong)穩定運行(xing)的物理(li)基礎，提供了重要的指導作用。

從電網側看，要優(you)化加強主(zhu)網架，打造(zao)清潔能源(yuan)優(you)化配置平臺(tai)。

推進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清潔低碳轉型(xing)，關鍵是(shi)加快發(fa)(fa)(fa)展非(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，尤其(qi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。我國95%左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)加以利(li)用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)連接生產和(he)(he)消費，是(shi)保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)送(song)得出、用得好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵平臺，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)安全(quan)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理基礎，是(shi)構建新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)環節(jie)。隨著(zhu)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)增長(chang)和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加速(su)轉型(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)局部(bu)地(di)區(qu)還(huan)存在(zai)薄弱(ruo)環節(jie)，骨干(gan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脆弱(ruo)性和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復雜程度顯著(zhu)增加，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)配置資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)仍(reng)需(xu)進(jin)一(yi)步增強(qiang)。《行(xing)動(dong)方案》提(ti)(ti)(ti)出了優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)主網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)，補齊結構短(duan)板，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)可靠供應和(he)(he)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。一(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規劃機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。目前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)各環節(jie)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)規劃還(huan)不(bu)夠，尤其(qi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展協(xie)同(tong)性不(bu)足，影(ying)響(xiang)系統(tong)(tong)整體效率(lv)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)協(xie)調(diao)政(zheng)府(fu)主管部(bu)門、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業、發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業等(deng)(deng)建立(li)溝通(tong)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，科學統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)新(xin)增電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機規模、結構、布局和(he)(he)建設時(shi)(shi)(shi)序，加強(qiang)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)荷儲協(xie)同(tong)規劃，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃方案安全(quan)穩定(ding)和(he)(he)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充裕性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)性論證，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)規劃方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性與安全(quan)性。另一(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)持續(xu)補強(qiang)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)交(jiao)直流(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)。當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)還(huan)存在(zai)強(qiang)直弱(ruo)交(jiao)問題(ti)，交(jiao)直流(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展協(xie)調(diao)性不(bu)足，影(ying)響(xiang)系統(tong)(tong)整體安全(quan)，也不(bu)利(li)于輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完(wan)善區(qu)域特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)主網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)，優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)500千伏網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)，實現區(qu)域內各500千伏分區(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)余缺互濟。加快特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直流(liu)（含柔性直流(liu)）建設，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)沙戈荒(huang)等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)外(wai)送(song)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)受端(duan)負荷中心(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)供應能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。結合交(jiao)流(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)承載能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，合理控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)送(song)同(tong)受直流(liu)群規模。此外(wai)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)抵(di)御自然災(zai)害(hai)(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。近年來(lai)極端(duan)天氣、自然災(zai)害(hai)(hai)頻發(fa)(fa)(fa)，影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)安全(quan)運行(xing)，影(ying)響(xiang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)尖峰(feng)負荷，供需(xu)不(bu)穩定(ding)性不(bu)確定(ding)性增加。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)自然條件惡劣(lie)、密集通(tong)道(dao)、同(tong)一(yi)氣象帶、凍雨覆冰等(deng)(deng)區(qu)域，針對(dui)重點區(qu)段、重點部(bu)位(wei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)桿塔、地(di)線(xian)等(deng)(deng)輸變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異化(hua)(hua)(hua)設計，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)工程可靠性和(he)(he)抵(di)御災(zai)害(hai)(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，深化(hua)(hua)(hua)極端(duan)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供需(xu)平衡(heng)分析，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)出保(bao)供措施建議。

從電源側看(kan)，要提升新(xin)主體涉(she)網性能，提高對系統(tong)穩(wen)定運行的支撐(cheng)能力。

電(dian)動(dong)汽車、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)快(kuai)速(su)發展，各類新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)涉網性能(neng)(neng)(neng)差異化(hua)明(ming)顯(xian)，弱抗擾(rao)動(dong)性和弱支(zhi)撐性對于系(xi)(xi)統(tong)穩定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)帶來極大風險(xian)。未(wei)來新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源成(cheng)為供(gong)給(gei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，負(fu)荷側新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)素不斷涌現，必(bi)須提(ti)升涉網性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，增強(qiang)(qiang)對電(dian)力保供(gong)和運(yun)行(xing)安全(quan)的(de)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)公平承擔安全(quan)和成(cheng)本責(ze)(ze)(ze)任。《行(xing)動(dong)方案》提(ti)出了制修(xiu)訂(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)與(yu)(yu)管理(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，提(ti)高(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)涉網性能(neng)(neng)(neng)、加強(qiang)(qiang)入(ru)網檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)重點工作舉(ju)措。一方面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)技術與(yu)(yu)標準(zhun)引領。充分發揮標準(zhun)對于新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技術發展的(de)指(zhi)導作用，深化(hua)集(ji)中式(shi)(shi)/分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)動(dong)汽車充電(dian)基礎設(she)(she)施等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)接入(ru)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)交(jiao)互(hu)影響研(yan)究，構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)網標準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，加快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)制修(xiu)訂(ding)。另一方面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)(qiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)網檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)涉及眾(zhong)多生產廠(chang)家海量型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)，嚴把設(she)(she)備(bei)入(ru)網關(guan)(guan)是保障(zhang)其涉網性能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵環節(jie)。需要(yao)(yao)(yao)明(ming)確新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)網檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)流(liu)程(cheng)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)技術標準(zhun)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)資質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，持(chi)續(xu)完善新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)動(dong)汽車充換電(dian)設(she)(she)施接入(ru)電(dian)網檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)手段。此外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)壓實(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)網管理(li)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任。當(dang)前新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)網尚未(wei)形成(cheng)明(ming)確的(de)安全(quan)管控責(ze)(ze)(ze)任邊界。亟需落實(shi)電(dian)網企業、相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)業主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、設(she)(she)備(bei)制造(zao)單位在新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)網運(yun)行(xing)管理(li)全(quan)流(liu)程(cheng)中的(de)職責(ze)(ze)(ze)，構建集(ji)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)試驗、到貨抽檢(jian)(jian)(jian)、電(dian)站調試、并(bing)網檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)、建模仿真、運(yun)行(xing)維護與(yu)(yu)評(ping)價為一體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)安全(quan)與(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量全(quan)流(liu)程(cheng)管控體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。

從新技(ji)術看，要推進構網型(xing)技(ji)術應用，提升(sheng)系統整體(ti)安(an)全效率水平(ping)。

沙(sha)戈(ge)(ge)荒風光基地(di)(di)(di)大都分(fen)布在(zai)遠離主網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)無人(ren)區或少人(ren)區，本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)較為(wei)薄弱(ruo)(ruo)；受(shou)端負荷(he)中心(xin)多直流饋入替代同(tong)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機，常規電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機不足，“空心(xin)化”問(wen)題(ti)突出，系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)頻和(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態無功支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)力(li)減弱(ruo)(ruo)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)送(song)端“沙(sha)戈(ge)(ge)荒”高(gao)比例(li)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區、受(shou)端“空心(xin)化”地(di)(di)(di)區均有(you)廣泛的(de)應(ying)用需(xu)求。《行動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)》提出要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)針(zhen)對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行需(xu)求應(ying)用構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)力(li)的(de)總體(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)因地(di)(di)(di)制宜(yi)配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)控(kong)制策略(lve)與參數(shu)的(de)靈活性使其可(ke)(ke)以適用于多場景穩定問(wen)題(ti)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)明確不同(tong)地(di)(di)(di)區電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)(yun)行的(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)矛盾，在(zai)沙(sha)戈(ge)(ge)荒等(deng)(deng)高(gao)比例(li)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)外送(song)地(di)(di)(di)區可(ke)(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)備(bei)抑(yi)制暫(zan)態過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓，在(zai)負荷(he)中心(xin)可(ke)(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)備(bei)提升系(xi)統(tong)短(duan)路容量，在(zai)弱(ruo)(ruo)交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)可(ke)(ke)試點配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)提升保供(gong)能(neng)力(li)和(he)有(you)功快速調(diao)(diao)節能(neng)力(li)。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加強對(dui)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)風險管控(kong)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)各廠家(jia)性能(neng)差異大，設(she)備(bei)與系(xi)統(tong)間不協調(diao)(diao)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)弱(ruo)(ruo)阻尼(ni)振蕩(dang)等(deng)(deng)穩定運(yun)(yun)行風險。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)積極、穩妥地(di)(di)(di)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)試點落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)用，依據實際應(ying)用效(xiao)果，加快推動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)批構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標準，規范構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)力(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。此外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完(wan)善(shan)支(zhi)(zhi)持構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)用的(de)機制建設(she)。目前，構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)快速發(fa)展，但(dan)相關配(pei)套機制較為(wei)滯后。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)健全適應(ying)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)開展交(jiao)(jiao)易和(he)調(diao)(diao)度的(de)基本(ben)規范，完(wan)善(shan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)輔助服務市場產(chan)品體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)、準入條件、交(jiao)(jiao)易方(fang)(fang)(fang)式和(he)補償標準，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)主動(dong)(dong)(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓、頻率、功角穩定和(he)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)消納的(de)多維(wei)度價值。

從負荷側看，要(yao)持續提(ti)升電能質(zhi)量，適應新型負荷的隨機(ji)性波動性。

大量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)逆變器主(zhu)導的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)負荷持續接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，負荷特(te)性多(duo)變，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)提出(chu)了更高挑戰。同時，隨著分布式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源快速發展，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形式不斷涌(yong)現(xian)，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有源化(hua)特(te)征(zheng)明顯(xian)，局部(bu)區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)限、設備反向重過載等問(wen)題突出(chu)。《行(xing)(xing)(xing)動方(fang)案》提出(chu)了壓(ya)(ya)實各方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)責任(ren)(ren)，加強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)常態化(hua)管(guan)理(li)的(de)總體工作部(bu)署。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要攻(gong)關新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題防治技(ji)(ji)術。當前防治技(ji)(ji)術主(zhu)要針對(dui)(dui)(dui)單一(yi)干(gan)擾源，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)裝(zhuang)備耦合帶(dai)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題手段不足。要組(zu)織電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業科(ke)研(yan)(yan)院所開展新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備大規(gui)模接入后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)限、寬頻振蕩及諧(xie)波(bo)綜合防治技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)(yan)究，研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)諧(xie)波(bo)/振蕩抑制(zhi)裝(zhuang)置，提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水平(ping)。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要構建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準體系。當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)相關標(biao)(biao)(biao)準對(dui)(dui)(dui)于新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)主(zhu)體并(bing)網下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評(ping)估(gu)適應性方(fang)面(mian)尚需(xu)完善。需(xu)要修(xiu)訂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)偏差(cha)、諧(xie)波(bo)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)限值標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，分行(xing)(xing)(xing)業細化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評(ping)估(gu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準。此外，要壓(ya)(ya)實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)各方(fang)責任(ren)(ren)。加強(qiang)(qiang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)特(te)性檢測認證(zheng)，壓(ya)(ya)實發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用戶(hu)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)中的(de)主(zhu)體責任(ren)(ren)，遵循“誰(shui)干(gan)擾，誰(shui)治理(li)”的(de)原則及時處理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題，建(jian)立常態化(hua)管(guan)控(kong)機制(zhi)和規(gui)范化(hua)流程。

總的來看，《行動方案》對(dui)加快(kuai)推動新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)保障工(gong)作作出了系統(tong)部署，提出的各項行動舉(ju)措務實有力(li)，為實現我國能(neng)源加速轉型(xing)背景(jing)下電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)安全穩(wen)定(ding)運行奠定(ding)了堅實基(ji)礎。