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近日，國(guo)家發展(zhan)改革委印發了《國(guo)家試點建設(she)方(fang)案(an)》（發改(gai)環資(zi)〔2023〕1409號，以下簡稱《方(fang)案(an)》）。《方(fang)案(an)》提(ti)出將在全國范(fan)圍內選擇100個具(ju)有典型代表性(xing)的城(cheng)市和園(yuan)區(qu)開展碳達(da)峰(feng)試點建設(she)，聚(ju)焦破解綠(lv)色低碳發展面臨的瓶頸制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)，探索不同資(zi)源(yuan)稟賦和發展基(ji)礎(chu)的城(cheng)市和園(yuan)區(qu)碳達(da)峰(feng)路徑，為全國提(ti)供可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)、可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)推廣的經驗做法。國家(jia)發展改(gai)革委(wei)有關負責同志就《方(fang)案(an)》接受采訪，回答(da)了記者提(ti)問。

問(wen)：《方案》出臺(tai)的背(bei)景是什么(me)？

答：中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院(yuan)印發(fa)的《關于完整準確全面貫徹(che)新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念做(zuo)好碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工作的意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出，要組(zu)織開展(zhan)(zhan)碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)先行示范，探索(suo)有效模式(shi)和(he)(he)有益經驗(yan)。國(guo)務院(yuan)印發(fa)的《2030年前(qian)碳(tan)達(da)峰行動方案(an)》明確，要加大中(zhong)央對地方推進(jin)碳(tan)達(da)峰的支持力(li)度，選擇100個(ge)具有典型(xing)代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)的城市(shi)和(he)(he)園區(qu)開展(zhan)(zhan)碳(tan)達(da)峰試點(dian)建設，在政策、資金、技術等方面對試點(dian)城市(shi)和(he)(he)園區(qu)給(gei)予(yu)支持，加快實現(xian)綠色低碳(tan)轉型(xing)，為全國(guo)提(ti)供(gong)可(ke)(ke)操(cao)作、可(ke)(ke)復制、可(ke)(ke)推廣的經驗(yan)做(zuo)法。

各地區能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構、資源(yuan)稟(bing)賦和(he)(he)(he)(he)發展階段不(bu)同，推進碳(tan)(tan)達峰碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)也(ye)面臨著(zhu)不(bu)同的困難(nan)挑(tiao)戰。雖然31個(ge)省、自治(zhi)區、直轄市都制(zhi)定了本地區碳(tan)(tan)達峰實(shi)施方案，但在城(cheng)市和(he)(he)(he)(he)園區層面還有不(bu)少需(xu)要進一步細(xi)化和(he)(he)(he)(he)探索的工(gong)作(zuo)。建設(she)碳(tan)(tan)達峰試點城(cheng)市和(he)(he)(he)(he)園區，可以有效(xiao)激發城(cheng)市和(he)(he)(he)(he)園區主(zhu)動(dong)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)造性(xing)，圍繞(rao)綠色低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)型開(kai)展探索，為全(quan)國提供行(xing)之(zhi)有效(xiao)的經驗做法，助力實(shi)現“雙碳(tan)(tan)”目標(biao)。

問：《方案》明確了哪(na)些(xie)原(yuan)則和目標(biao)？

答：《方案》提出了“堅(jian)持積(ji)極穩妥、堅(jian)持因地制宜、堅(jian)持改革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)、堅(jian)持安全降碳(tan)”4條工(gong)作原則，以及2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)、2030年(nian)(nian)(nian)的主要目標。到2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)，試點范圍內有(you)利(li)于綠色低碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的政策機制基本(ben)(ben)構(gou)建(jian)，一批可(ke)(ke)操作、可(ke)(ke)復(fu)制、可(ke)(ke)推廣的創(chuang)新(xin)舉(ju)措和改革(ge)經驗初步形成(cheng)，不(bu)同資源稟賦、不(bu)同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)基礎、不(bu)同產業結構(gou)的城市和園區碳(tan)達峰(feng)路徑基本(ben)(ben)清晰。到2030年(nian)(nian)(nian)，試點城市和園區重(zhong)點任務、重(zhong)大工(gong)程、重(zhong)要改革(ge)如期完成(cheng)，有(you)利(li)于綠色低碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的政策機制全面建(jian)立，有(you)關(guan)創(chuang)新(xin)舉(ju)措和改革(ge)經驗帶動作用明顯，對(dui)全國實現碳(tan)達峰(feng)目標發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)重(zhong)要支撐作用。

問：《方案》部署了哪(na)些建設內容？

《方(fang)案》重點(dian)(dian)部(bu)署了(le)5方(fang)面試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)建(jian)設內容。確(que)定試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)任務方(fang)面，試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城市和(he)園(yuan)區(qu)要根(gen)據國家(jia)和(he)所在(zai)地區(qu)“雙碳”工(gong)作部(bu)署，謀(mou)劃提出能源、產業、節(jie)能、建(jian)筑、交通等重點(dian)(dian)領(ling)域試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)建(jian)設任務。實(shi)施重點(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)方(fang)面，試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城市和(he)園(yuan)區(qu)要結(jie)合試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)目標，在(zai)能源基礎設施、改造(zao)、先進技術示(shi)范、資源循(xun)環利用等(deng)領域(yu)規劃實施一批重點(dian)工程，形(xing)成對試(shi)點(dian)工作(zuo)的(de)有(you)力(li)支(zhi)撐。強(qiang)化科技創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)面，試(shi)點(dian)城市和園(yuan)(yuan)區要(yao)(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)綠色(se)(se)低(di)(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)技術推(tui)廣應用機(ji)制(zhi)，大力(li)培育綠色(se)(se)低(di)(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)產業(ye)，加(jia)快形(xing)成新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)產業(ye)競爭優勢(shi)。完善(shan)政(zheng)策機(ji)制(zhi)方(fang)面，試(shi)點(dian)城市要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快建立和完善(shan)有(you)利于綠色(se)(se)發展(zhan)的(de)財政(zheng)、金融(rong)、投資、價格政(zheng)策和標準體系，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)碳(tan)(tan)排放核算、評價、管理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)。試(shi)點(dian)園(yuan)(yuan)區要(yao)(yao)著(zhu)力(li)提升園(yuan)(yuan)區綠色(se)(se)低(di)(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)循(xun)環發展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)。開展(zhan)全(quan)民行(xing)動方(fang)面，試(shi)點(dian)城市和園(yuan)(yuan)區要(yao)(yao)大力(li)推(tui)廣綠色(se)(se)低(di)(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)生活理(li)念(nian)，普及“雙碳(tan)(tan)”基(ji)礎知識(shi)，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)探索(suo)綠色(se)(se)出行(xing)、制(zhi)止(zhi)浪費、垃圾分類等(deng)方(fang)面體制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)，切實增強(qiang)各(ge)級干部推(tui)進綠色(se)(se)低(di)(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)發展(zhan)的(de)理(li)論水(shui)平(ping)和業(ye)務能力(li)。

問：國家(jia)碳(tan)達峰試點(dian)工(gong)作將如何組織實施？

答：國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委將按照(zhao)(zhao)國家(jia)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)總(zong)體部署，聚焦破解綠色低碳(tan)(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)面(mian)臨的瓶頸(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)，會同(tong)有關(guan)方(fang)面(mian)認真組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)《方(fang)案(an)(an)》。一是(shi)確(que)定試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)名單(dan)。統(tong)籌考慮各(ge)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放總(zong)量及(ji)增長趨勢、經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)等因(yin)素，首批在(zai)15個省區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，由有關(guan)省區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委提(ti)(ti)出建(jian)(jian)(jian)議名單(dan)，經(jing)(jing)本地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府同(tong)意(yi)后(hou)報國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委確(que)認。我們將根據首批試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，組(zu)織(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后(hou)續試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。二是(shi)編制(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)。組(zu)織(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)和(he)(he)(he)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)按照(zhao)(zhao)《碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)編制(zhi)(zhi)指南(nan)》要求，結合自身實(shi)際科(ke)學編制(zhi)(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)，明確(que)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)任(ren)務、改(gai)(gai)革(ge)舉措、重(zhong)大(da)項目和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)度安排(pai)。三是(shi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。完善工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，明確(que)各(ge)方(fang)職責，組(zu)織(zhi)各(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)和(he)(he)(he)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)按照(zhao)(zhao)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)扎實(shi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)協調解決試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中遇到的困難和(he)(he)(he)問題，加(jia)大(da)政(zheng)(zheng)策和(he)(he)(he)資金支(zhi)持力度，確(que)保工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)取得實(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)。四是(shi)加(jia)強總(zong)結評(ping)估(gu)。組(zu)織(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)和(he)(he)(he)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)定期開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)總(zong)結評(ping)估(gu)，系統(tong)梳理試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)，深入(ru)分析試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中遇到的問題。加(jia)強對(dui)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)指導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)督(du)促檢(jian)查，組(zu)織(zhi)行(xing)業專家(jia)和(he)(he)(he)專業機(ji)構(gou)提(ti)(ti)供政(zheng)(zheng)策指導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)技術幫扶，對(dui)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)突出的城市(shi)和(he)(he)(he)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)予以通報表(biao)揚(yang)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)度滯后(hou)、效(xiao)(xiao)果不(bu)彰的試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)所在(zai)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)督(du)促并(bing)責令限期整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)。五是(shi)做好(hao)經(jing)(jing)驗推(tui)廣。及(ji)時(shi)(shi)梳理總(zong)結有推(tui)廣價(jia)值(zhi)的經(jing)(jing)驗模式(shi)、典(dian)型(xing)案(an)(an)例(li)和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)功做法(fa)，推(tui)動轉化為地方(fang)法(fa)規、政(zheng)(zheng)策制(zhi)(zhi)度、標準規范等。組(zu)織(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)多種形式(shi)的試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經(jing)(jing)驗交(jiao)流活動，宣(xuan)傳(chuan)推(tui)廣綠色低碳(tan)(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)創(chuang)新模式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)典(dian)型(xing)經(jing)(jing)驗。