評丨準確理解煤電容量電價機制
作者：杭州新灃能源技術(shu)有限公司
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發表時間：2024-01-29 21:19:58
根(gen)據2023年國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發展(zhan)改革委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)源局發布的《關于建(jian)立機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的通知(zhi)》（以下簡(jian)稱《通知(zhi)》），從2024年1月1日起，現行煤(mei)電(dian)單一制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)價調整為兩部(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)價，容量電(dian)價水平(ping)根據轉型進度(du)等實際情況合理(li)確定并(bing)逐步調整。這(zhe)對于理(li)順煤(mei)電(dian)價格形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，科學(xue)反映成(cheng)本(ben)構成(cheng)，更好發揮的(de)基(ji)礎保障性(xing)和系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調節性(xing)作用，助力我國電力和能源系(xi)統(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)具有(you)重要意義。
意義重大助(zhu)力行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)
首先要理解有效發電資源和有效發電容量(liang)的概念。
有效發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)是指在(zai)(zai)高比(bi)例新(xin)能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中，因(yin)天氣等(deng)(deng)原因(yin)造成(cheng)新(xin)能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出力(li)不足情(qing)況下(xia)，能夠及時提(ti)供可(ke)靠(kao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)化和綠色(se)轉型(xing)過(guo)程中，如何確(que)保有效發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)的充裕度是各經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體普(pu)遍面臨(lin)的一項挑戰(zhan)。在(zai)(zai)儲能尚不能規模化、經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)性(xing)、多場(chang)景應(ying)用前，間歇性(xing)、波動(dong)性(xing)和“靠(kao)天吃飯”將會一直伴隨著新(xin)能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。即使當前局(ju)部地區(qu)、個別場(chang)景已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)實現了100%風光等(deng)(deng)新(xin)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)，但這(zhe)也(ye)只是人們(men)在(zai)(zai)放棄了部分效率(lv)、經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效益和可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)情(qing)況下(xia)與現有技(ji)術達成(cheng)的“妥(tuo)協(xie)”。
發(fa)電(dian)資源(yuan)的有(you)效性(xing)(xing)主要體現(xian)為裝機容量(liang)轉(zhuan)化為發(fa)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)的程度。通常人們認(ren)為，裝機容量(liang)代表(biao)了(le)發(fa)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)。例如(ru)，2022年我(wo)國總裝機容量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)25.6億千瓦(wa)，比2016年增長9.1億千瓦(wa)，能(neng)說2022年我(wo)國發(fa)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)比2016年增長了(le)9.1億千瓦(wa)嗎？當然不能(neng)。因為這9.1億千瓦(wa)的裝機增量(liang)中，風光(guang)等新能(neng)源(yuan)裝機占到(dao)了(le)58%。由常識可(ke)知，需要考慮風、光(guang)發(fa)電(dian)的時(shi)空特(te)性(xing)(xing)。在一個空間(jian)跨(kua)度較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的地(di)理范圍內，同時(shi)刮風或同時(shi)陽光(guang)普照的概率是(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)的，更何(he)況風速有(you)大(da)小、光(guang)照有(you)強弱。因此(ci)，各個新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)場站同時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)的概率很(hen)低(di)(di)，能(neng)提供的出力(li)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)差異較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的。
有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)一(yi)個價(jia)值概念。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)價(jia)值主(zhu)要取決于發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與負(fu)荷(he)時間特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)的(de)匹配程(cheng)(cheng)度，即發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)否可以(yi)很好地跟隨、滿(man)足用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)的(de)變化(hua)(hua)。用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)與經(jing)濟社(she)會活動、生活習慣等緊密相關，與風光等新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)預測情(qing)況幾乎沒有(you)(you)什么聯(lian)系，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)峰與新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)大發(fa)(fa)時段也不(bu)一(yi)定存在(zai)高(gao)(gao)同時率(lv)。因(yin)此(ci)，至少從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間、供需(xu)之(zhi)間的(de)同時率(lv)角度考(kao)慮，風光等新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機并不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)完全轉化(hua)(hua)為(wei)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機對負(fu)荷(he)的(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)保障、可靠(kao)供給(gei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)要打折扣(kou)的(de)。這也是(shi)高(gao)(gao)比例新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統必須(xu)強(qiang)調“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷(he)協(xie)同”的(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)。相比而言，常規發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（特(te)(te)別是(shi)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）可以(yi)實現“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隨荷(he)動”，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠提供有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，可以(yi)完全確保時間維度上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間、供需(xu)之(zhi)間的(de)高(gao)(gao)同時率(lv)，可以(yi)滿(man)足長(chang)期負(fu)荷(he)增長(chang)或(huo)短期需(xu)求(qiu)變化(hua)(hua)。當前采(cai)用(yong)(yong)較多(duo)的(de)分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)在(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度上也是(shi)根據發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與負(fu)荷(he)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)匹配程(cheng)(cheng)度確定的(de)。
隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)綠(lv)色化(hua)、低碳化(hua)程度不斷提高，新(xin)能源和常規電(dian)(dian)源發電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)價值的差異日益凸(tu)顯(xian)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)運行(xing)呈現(xian)出日益顯(xian)著(zhu)的“量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)力(li)分化(hua)”，進而使得電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)呈現(xian)出價值多元化(hua)趨(qu)勢——電(dian)(dian)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價值、調節價值、有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價值和環(huan)境價值。其中，三(san)類價值都有(you)(you)相應的市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)機制（如中長期和現(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)、輔(fu)助服(fu)務市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)、綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)交易市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)和碳交易市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)等）實現(xian)價值變現(xian)，唯有(you)(you)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價值還沒有(you)(you)大規模變現(xian)途徑(jing)（國內僅(jin)有(you)(you)山東(dong)等個(ge)別地方(fang)出臺容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)補償機制）。
經(jing)過(guo)多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場化改(gai)革，特別是(shi)現(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)場長(chang)(chang)周(zhou)期結(jie)算試(shi)運行，各類市(shi)(shi)場主(zhu)體普遍是(shi)基于變(bian)動成(cheng)(cheng)本參與電(dian)(dian)能量市(shi)(shi)場報價的(de)(de)(de)。煤電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)(de)燃煤成(cheng)(cheng)本通(tong)常占(zhan)到總(zong)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)七成(cheng)(cheng)左(zuo)右，在燃煤價格高(gao)(gao)企(qi)(qi)和(he)新能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)大規模(mo)并網情(qing)況(kuang)下，煤電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)盈利能力(li)(li)顯著下降(jiang)。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)近年(nian)來出現(xian)虧損狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，時至2023年(nian)，仍有(you)部分發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)處于整體虧損狀(zhuang)態(tai)，也影(ying)響了企(qi)(qi)業(ye)再投資能力(li)(li)和(he)有(you)效(xiao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量投資。造成(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)一現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)原因，是(shi)我(wo)國現(xian)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場體系并未及時、真實體現(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量價值，沒(mei)有(you)提(ti)供(gong)與之緊密相關的(de)(de)(de)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本回收(shou)渠道。長(chang)(chang)此以往，有(you)效(xiao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)短缺勢必影(ying)響高(gao)(gao)比例新能源電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)期安全水平和(he)短期應急能力(li)(li)。
在(zai)此背(bei)景下，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)價機制是(shi)實(shi)現煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)項目成(cheng)本（通(tong)常是(shi)固定成(cheng)本）補(bu)償的一種方(fang)式。《通(tong)知》通(tong)過調整煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)機組收入(ru)結構（市場(chang)化(hua)電(dian)能量(liang)收入(ru)+固定發電(dian)容量(liang)收入(ru)），采(cai)取逐步(bu)提高的方(fang)式部分補(bu)償固定成(cheng)本，有助于穩定煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)行業預期，改善煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)企業發電(dian)業務現金流和盈利(li)能力。
回歸容量(liang)市場(chang)用電成(cheng)本影響不(bu)大
現(xian)階段，我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力市場體(ti)系尚(shang)不完善，著眼中遠(yuan)期(qi)發展，我(wo)國(guo)需要建立一(yi)個體(ti)現(xian)發電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)價(jia)值的(de)機制(zhi)。這也是此次煤電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)的(de)政策(ce)屬(shu)性(xing)——過(guo)渡性(xing)機制(zhi)。未來(lai)，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)補償(chang)機制(zhi)應逐漸回歸容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)市場，實施全(quan)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)補償(chang)，減少對特定類型電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)差異化(hua)補償(chang)。
《通知》提出，根據各(ge)地(di)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統需要(yao)、煤電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)轉型(xing)情況(kuang)等因素，在(zai)2024~2025年，部分煤電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)轉型(xing)較(jiao)快的(de)地(di)方采用(yong)50%的(de)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)回收比例，其余地(di)方采用(yong)30%的(de)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)回收比例。采用(yong)50%比例的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)可(ke)以分為三(san)類。第一類是(shi)(shi)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占比較(jiao)低的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)，包括四(si)川(chuan)、云南(nan)(nan)、青海，三(san)地(di)近(jin)年火(huo)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占比均低于(yu)15%。第二類是(shi)(shi)近(jin)年用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量增(zeng)速(su)較(jiao)快且水(shui)電(dian)(dian)占比較(jiao)高的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)，包括廣(guang)西、湖南(nan)(nan)、重慶，2017~2022年三(san)地(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量年均增(zeng)速(su)分別達到9%、7.2%和(he)7.2%，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占比分別達到29%、28%和(he)29%。第三(san)類是(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)利用(yong)小時數(shu)低且本(ben)地(di)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)及其所(suo)在(zai)區域電(dian)(dian)網(wang)平衡能(neng)(neng)力(li)有限的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)，如(ru)河南(nan)(nan)。另外，燃煤價(jia)格(ge)也是(shi)(shi)一個重要(yao)考慮因素。例如(ru)，湖南(nan)(nan)處于(yu)我國發電(dian)(dian)用(yong)煤運輸鏈最末(mo)端，煤價(jia)高企，煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)發電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)居高，造成(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)大經營壓力(li)。
此外，根(gen)據《通知》，此次煤(mei)電(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的受(shou)益(yi)方是(shi)(shi)合規在運(yun)的公(gong)用(yong)(yong)煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組，補(bu)償標準由政府主(zhu)(zhu)管部門(men)制(zhi)定，資金來(lai)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)工商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)戶，征收渠道是(shi)(shi)各地隨(sui)輸配電(dian)價(jia)(jia)收取的系統運(yun)行費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，電(dian)網(wang)企業執(zhi)行資金結算(suan)、達標情況統計等(deng)工作。這是(shi)(shi)此次煤(mei)電(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)涉及的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)利益(yi)相關(guan)方。因此，工商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)戶終端電(dian)價(jia)(jia)將受(shou)到煤(mei)電(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的影響。
根(gen)(gen)據國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委發(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)《關于進(jin)一步深化燃煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市場(chang)(chang)化改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)通知》，工(gong)商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)全(quan)部進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)(chang)。因(yin)此，工(gong)商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)將由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格、系統運行費(fei)（包括輔助服(fu)務(wu)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)和(he)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)）、輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)、上(shang)網(wang)(wang)環節線損費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、政府(fu)性基金及附(fu)加構成。根(gen)(gen)據統計，工(gong)商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)中，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)(chang)決定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格占比在(zai)65%左右(you)，輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)占比在(zai)25%左右(you)。根(gen)(gen)據2024年1月全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)代(dai)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)情(qing)況看，大多(duo)數地區工(gong)商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)分攤(tan)在(zai)1分/千瓦時~2分/千瓦時，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)雖然是(shi)新增項，但是(shi)并不能(neng)(neng)(neng)對工(gong)商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)結構產(chan)生重大影響，由市場(chang)(chang)競爭(zheng)決定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)由政府(fu)核(he)定的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)仍是(shi)決定性因(yin)素。
但是煤電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)費的出現也增加了用戶(hu)對(dui)終端電(dian)(dian)價的預測(ce)復(fu)雜性，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)價敏感(gan)企業(ye)的能源管(guan)理(li)、成本管(guan)理(li)提出了新(xin)要求。
容量電價機制的價值體(ti)現
一(yi)是(shi)實施容量(liang)電價機制(zhi)，有助(zhu)于(yu)提(ti)高整(zheng)個系統的(de)(de)(de)安全可靠(kao)運行水平。確(que)保短期應急與長期充裕本(ben)應是(shi)所有類型電源(yuan)都要(yao)承擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)任，但是(shi)在(zai)高比(bi)例新能源(yuan)發電系統中，隨著發電量(liang)更(geng)(geng)多被綠電替代，短期應急與長期充裕的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)任被更(geng)(geng)多地轉移(yi)給了發電量(liang)占比(bi)逐漸降(jiang)低的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)規電源(yuan)。這(zhe)是(shi)在(zai)電力綠色轉型過程中的(de)(de)(de)“責(ze)(ze)任轉移(yi)”。容量(liang)電價機制(zhi)有助(zhu)于(yu)確(que)保在(zai)發電量(liang)占比(bi)逐漸降(jiang)低的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，為貢獻有效發電容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)機組提(ti)供了固(gu)定成本(ben)回收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)渠道。
二(er)是實施容(rong)量電價機(ji)制，有助于系統保(bao)(bao)留必要的(de)(de)有效發電容(rong)量，確(que)保(bao)(bao)更好(hao)適應高(gao)比(bi)例(li)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電力系統所具有的(de)(de)間歇性(xing)、波動(dong)性(xing)，減少高(gao)比(bi)例(li)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電力系統運(yun)行(xing)調控(kong)的(de)(de)復雜(za)程度(du)和難度(du)，提高(gao)系統對新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)消納能(neng)力。
三是實施容量電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制，有助于(yu)相關發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業統籌市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)收入(ru)與(yu)(yu)固定(ding)(ding)收入(ru)之間的關系，采用更加合理(li)的策略參與(yu)(yu)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)。這(zhe)一點對于(yu)新能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)大規模進入(ru)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)背景下，高(gao)邊(bian)際成(cheng)本的常(chang)規發(fa)電(dian)(dian)而言至關重要。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)源可以通過市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格預測，確定(ding)(ding)更具競爭力的量價(jia)(jia)策略，進一步提(ti)高(gao)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)出清(qing)價(jia)(jia)格合理(li)性(xing)，減弱電(dian)(dian)力現(xian)貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)格受新能(neng)(neng)源出力的影響(xiang)程度(du)，而更多(duo)由供(gong)需關系決定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)格。
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